Temperature regulation system and a controller for a temperature regulation system

ABSTRACT

Various embodiments relate to an apparatus and a method for temperature regulation system that can be worn by a user. One of the embodiments includes an article of clothing having the functionality to regulate the skin temperature of a portion on a user&#39;s body.

This application claims foreign priority benefit to co-pending Hong Kong patent application No. 16103267.2, filed on Mar. 21, 2016, with the Hong Kong Intellectual Property Department, and titled, “A TEMPERATURE REGULATING SYSTEM AND A CONTROLLER FOR A TEMPERATURE REGULATING SYSTEM,” which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The disclosure is directed to a temperature regulation system, in particular a temperature regulation system for regulating the temperature of a user's body. The disclosure further relates to a method for regulating temperature, in particular regulating the temperature of at least a portion of a user's body and a controller for use as part of a temperature regulation system.

BACKGROUND

Thermal comfort is driven by the temperature inside a person's body and the temperature at the surface of your body. Deep body temperature of a person is generally 37° C. and the mean skin temperature of a person is generally 33° C. People become uncomfortable in a thermal sense when the environment changes for example, increased wind or extra sunny day, or when a person moves to a cooler place. In common situations, discomfort in a thermal sense is felt by a user when the user's skin temperature changes, rather than a change in core body temperature.

Conventional chemical or electric heating systems used in clothing can easily deliver heat at relatively high levels. Most currently available devices consist of a wearable garment with heating pads that can be manually adjusted by the user. In at least some devices the heating pads produce an equal heat output and all the heating pads are activated to provide heat. Existing products are often bulky, heavy, require manual operation and are limited in their range of operation.

SUMMARY

The disclosure provides an advantage in that the temperature regulation system ameliorates one or more of the problems of existing devices or at least provides the user with a useful alternative.

In at least one embodiment a temperature regulation system for regulating the temperature of a user's body, the temperature regulation system comprising;

a temperature sensor adapted to generate a temperature measurement that relates to a temperature of a portion of a user's body,

a heating element adapted to provide heat to a portion of the user's body,

a controller in electronic communication with the temperature sensor and the heating element, the controller configured to receive the temperature measurement of a portion of the user's body, the controller configured to compare the temperature measurement with a threshold temperature,

the controller activating the heating element to provide heat to a portion of the user's body, when the temperature measurement is below the threshold temperature, and

wherein the temperature sensor and the heating element are positioned on a wearable garment.

In at least one embodiment the controller is configured to deactivate the heating element when the temperature measurement exceeds the threshold temperature.

In at least one embodiment the wearable garment is configured to be worn by a user, the temperature sensor and the heating element being positioned in an operable position.

In at least one embodiment the controller is mounted in a casing and the casing is disposed on the wearable garment.

In at least one embodiment the wearable garment is an article of clothing that is adapted to be worn by a user.

In at least one embodiment the heating element are positioned between two layers of textile of the garment, and wherein the heating element being adapted to provide heat to a portion of the user's body through a layer of textile.

In at least one embodiment the temperature sensor is adapted to continuously measure the temperature of a portion of the user's body and generate a plurality temperature measurements, the controller configured to receive the plurality of temperature measurements, determine an actual rate of temperature change, and compare the rate of temperature change with a threshold rate of temperature change.

In at least one embodiment the controller is configured to activate the heating element if the temperature measurement is less than or equal to the threshold temperature and the actual rate of temperature change is greater than the threshold rate of temperature change.

In at least one embodiment the system comprises a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of heating elements, the plurality of temperature sensor and the plurality of heating elements being arranged on the wearable garment.

In at least one embodiment the plurality heating elements and the plurality of temperature sensors are arranged on the garment such that, in use when the garment is worn, at least one heating element and at least one temperature sensor aligns with or is adjacent to a major muscle group of the user's body.

In at least one embodiment the plurality of heating elements and the plurality of temperature sensors are arranged on the garment such that, in use when the garment is worn, at least one heating element and at least one temperature, aligns with or is adjacent to the most temperature sensitive locations on the user's body.

In at least one embodiment the plurality of heating elements are arranged such that, in use, at least one heating element aligns with the pectoralis major muscle, at least one heating element aligns with bicep muscle, at least one heating element aligns with the latissimus dorsi and at least one heating element aligns with the rectus abdominis muscle.

In at least one embodiment the plurality of heating elements are arranged on the wearable garment such that;

in use, at least one heating element is positioned on an arm of the user

in use, at least one heating element is positioned on an abdomen of the user,

in use, at least one heating element is positioned on a chest of the user,

in use, at least one heating element is positioned on a back of the user.

In at least one embodiment the plurality of heating elements are arranged on a wearable garment such that;

in use, at least one heating element positioned adjacent to a thigh of the user,

in use, at least one heating element being positioned on a lower leg of the user.

In at least one embodiment the plurality of heating elements are arranged such that, in use, at least one heating element aligns with a quadriceps muscle, at least one heating element aligns with a hamstring muscle, and at least one heating element aligns with a calf.

In at least one embodiment the plurality of heating elements are arranged on a wearable garment such that, in use, at least one heating element aligns with a finger of the user, and; in use, at least one heating element aligns with the palm of the user.

In at least one embodiment the heating element is a flexible, electrically activated heating pad, and wherein the heating pad being flexible such that the heating pad can conform to the shape of a portion of the user's body.

In at least one embodiment the temperature sensor is attached to the heating pad, the sensor being attached to a skin proximal side of the heating pad, such that the temperature sensor being in contact with the user's skin to generate the temperature measurement.

In at least one embodiment each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensor is attached to one of the heating pads.

In at least one embodiment the controller is configured to receive a temperature measurement from each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors, each temperature measurement corresponding to the temperature at a location of the user's body, and wherein each location corresponding to the location a temperature sensor from the plurality of temperature sensors.

In at least one embodiment the controller is configured to determine a temperature profile of the user's body, the temperature profile indicating the temperature at various locations on the user's body.

In at least one embodiment the controller is configured to compare each temperature measurement from each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors with a threshold temperature, and the controller selectively activating a heating pad corresponding to the location where the temperature measurement is less than the threshold temperature.

In at least one embodiment the controller activating one or more heating elements of the plurality of heating elements if a temperature measurement at a location corresponding to the one or more heating elements is less than a threshold temperature.

In at least one embodiment the system comprises a portable power source, the portable power source being electrically connected to the controller to supply a power signal to the controller.

In at least one embodiment the controller is configured to provide a pulsed power signal to energize the heating pad, the heating pad being periodically energized in synchrony with the period of the pulsed power signal.

In at least one embodiment the controller is configured to determine a threshold temperature for each user, the threshold temperature being determined based on a temperature measurement from at least one temperature sensor in a comfortable environment, and wherein the controller is configured to determine threshold temperature when a calibration mode for the system is initiated.

In at least one embodiment the threshold temperature is determined as a mean or median temperature of the user's body based on temperature measurements from each of the temperature sensors on, the controller configured to determine the threshold temperature when a calibration mode for the system is initiated.

In at least one embodiment the calibration mode is initiated by the user, the calibration mode is initiated upon first use of the system by the user.

In at least one embodiment the system further comprises;

an environmental sensor that is configured to generate an environmental parameter,

the controller is in electronic communication with the environmental sensor, the controller further configured to adjust the threshold temperature based on the environmental parameter.

In at least one embodiment the environmental sensor is a humidity sensor that is configured to generate a humidity measurement, and the controller in electronic communication with the humidity sensor, the controller receiving the humidity measurement, the controller further configured to adjust the threshold temperature based on the humidity measurement, wherein the environmental parameter is the humidity measurement.

In at least one embodiment a change in threshold temperature is related to the change in humidity measurements, and wherein the controller is configured to modify the threshold temperature based on a change in two consecutive humidity measurements.

In at least one embodiment the system additionally comprises;

a motion sensor configured to generate a motion measurement that relates to a motion of the user,

the controller in electronic communication with the motion sensor, the controller configured to receive the motion measurement, and wherein

the controller being further configured to adjust the threshold temperature based on the motion measurement.

In at least one embodiment the threshold temperature is related to motion measurement, such that the greater the motion measurement the lower the threshold temperature, the controller being configured to adjust the threshold temperature based on the measured motion.

In one example embodiment, the threshold temperature may be inversely proportional to motion measurement.

In at least one embodiment the controller is configured to receive one or more user parameters, the controller further configured to adjust the threshold temperature based on the one or more user parameters.

In at least one embodiment the user parameters are at least one or more of age, gender, and personal thermal sensitivity.

In at least one embodiment the system comprises a user device that is in electronic communication with the controller, the controller receiving the one or more user parameters via the user device.

In at least one embodiment the controller configured to activate the one or more heating pads based on comparing the temperature measurement with an adjusted threshold temperature, the adjusted threshold temperature being adjusted based on one or more of a humidity measurement, motion measurement and a user parameter.

In at least one embodiment the threshold temperature is computed by the controller based on one or more user parameters, the threshold temperature being customized for each user of the temperature regulation system.

In at least one embodiment the controller is configured to receive an ambient temperature measurement, the controller is configured to adjust the threshold temperature based on the ambient temperature measurement, wherein the threshold temperature is proportional to the ambient temperature.

In an embodiment a temperature regulation system for regulating the temperature of a user's body, the temperature regulation system comprising;

a plurality of temperature sensors, each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors adapted to generate a temperature measurement that relates to a temperature of a portion of a user's body,

a plurality of heating elements, each heating element of the plurality of heating elements configured to provide heat to a portion of the user's body,

the plurality of temperature sensors and the plurality of heating elements adapted to, in use, be positioned on various locations on the user's body, a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors being positioned adjacent to a heating element of the plurality of heating elements, each temperature sensor associated with a heating element of the plurality of heating elements,

a controller in electronic communication with each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors, the controller in electronic communication with each heating element of the plurality of heating elements,

the controller comparing each temperature measurement with a threshold temperature, and the controller selectively activating a heating element of the plurality of heating elements that is associated with a temperature sensor that generates a temperature measurement lower than the threshold temperature, the controller selectively activating a heating element to provide localized heating to a user's body that is at a temperature lower than the threshold temperature.

In at least one embodiment a single temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors is associated with a single heating element of the plurality of heating elements.

In at least one embodiment one temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors is connected to one heating element of the plurality of heating elements, each temperature sensor is connected to a user proximal side of the heating element such that, in use, each temperature sensor is in contact with a user's skin to generate a temperature measurement.

In at least one embodiment each heating element and each temperature sensor are arranged such that, in use, the heating element and the temperature sensor are aligned with or adjacent to a major muscle group of the user.

In at least one embodiment a heating element and a temperature sensor are arranged such that, in use, a heating element and a temperature sensor are positioned at or adjacent to any one or more of:

a chest muscle, an abdomen muscle, a thigh muscle, a back muscle, a calf muscle, an upper arm muscle and a lower arm muscle.

In at least one embodiment a heating element and a temperature sensor are arranged such that, in use, a heating element and a temperature sensor are disposed at or adjacent to any one or more of: a chest of the user, a back of the user, a finger of the user, a foot of the user, an upper leg of the user, a lower leg of the user, a neck of the user, a shoulder of the user, an upper arm of the user and a lower arm of the user.

In at least one embodiment the controller is configured to determine a unique threshold temperature for each user based on at least a temperature measurement during a calibration process.

In at least one embodiment a calibration process is initiated upon start up of the system, the controller receiving temperature measurements from the plurality of temperature sensors.

In at least one embodiment the system further comprises an environmental sensor, the environmental sensor is configured to generate an environmental parameter, the controller in electronic communication with the environmental sensor to receive the environmental parameter, the controller configured to determine the threshold based on the temperature measurements and the environmental parameter; and wherein the threshold temperature being related to the environmental parameter.

In at least one embodiment the environmental parameter may be any one or more of relative humidity, ambient temperature, or wind speed.

In at least one embodiment the system further comprises a motion sensor attached to the user, the motion sensor generating a motion measurement, the controller in electronic communication with the motion sensor and configured to determine the threshold temperature based on the motion measurement and at least the temperature measurements; and wherein the threshold temperature is related to the motion measurement.

In at least one embodiment the temperature regulation system comprises a wearable garment, the wearable garment being formed from at least a textile material, and wherein all the components of the temperature regulation system are disposed on the wearable garment such that, in use, the temperature regulation system is worn by the user.

In at least one embodiment a temperature regulation system for regulating the temperature of a human body comprises;

a temperature sensor adapted to generate a temperature measurement that relates to a temperature of a portion of a user's body,

a heating element adapted to provide heat to a portion of the user's body

a controller in electronic communication with the temperature sensor and the heating element, the controller configured to compare the temperature measurement with a threshold temperature, the controller further configured to activate the heating element to provide heat if the temperature measurement is less than the threshold temperature,

the threshold temperature being a customized threshold temperature for each user, the controller determining the customized threshold temperature based on an initial temperature measurement, an environmental parameter and at least one user parameter.

In at least one embodiment the threshold temperature is adjusted if an environmental parameter or a user parameter is changed.

In at least one embodiment the system comprises at least one environmental sensor to determine the environmental parameter, the environmental sensor being in electrical communication with the controller.

In at least one embodiment the system comprises a plurality of environmental sensors, each sensor configured to measure a unique environmental parameter, the controller configured to receive each measured unique environmental parameter and adjust the threshold temperature based on each measured environmental parameter and a temperature measurement.

In at least one embodiment the system comprises a user device, the user device being a portable device that is in electronic communication with the controller, the controller configured to receive a user parameter that is input by the user via the user device.

In at least one embodiment the controller is configured to determine a customized threshold temperature based on one or more user parameters, wherein each user parameter is unique to a user.

In at least one embodiment the system additionally comprises;

a motion sensor configured to generate a motion measurement that relates to a motion of the user,

the controller in electronic communication with the motion sensor, the controller configured to receive the motion measurement, and wherein

the controller being further configured to adjust the threshold temperature based on the motion measurement.

In at least one embodiment the threshold temperature is updated in real time based on an environmental parameter or a motion measurement.

In an embodiment a temperature regulation system comprises:

a plurality of temperature sensors, each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors adapted to generate a temperature measurement that relates to a temperature of a portion of a user's body,

a plurality of heating elements, each heating element of the plurality of heating elements configured to provide heat to a portion of the user's body,

the plurality of temperature sensors and the plurality of heating elements disposed on a wearable garment, the garment is an article of clothing,

the plurality of temperature sensors and the plurality of heating elements adapted to, in use, be positioned on various locations on the user's body, a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors being positioned adjacent to a heating element of the plurality of heating elements, each temperature sensor associated with a heating element of the plurality of heating elements,

each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors is associated with a single heating element of the plurality of heating elements, one temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors is connected to one heating element of the plurality of heating elements, each temperature sensor is connected to a user proximal side of the heating element such that, in use, each temperature sensor is in contact with a user's skin to generate a temperature measurement,

the plurality of heating elements and the plurality of temperature sensors are arranged on the garment such that, in use when the garment is worn, at least one heating element and at least one temperature sensor, aligns with or is adjacent to the most temperature sensitive locations on the user's body,

a heating element and a temperature sensor are arranged such that, in use, a heating element and a temperature sensor are disposed at or adjacent to any one or more of: a chest of the user, a back of the user, a finger of the user, a foot of the user, an upper leg of the user, a lower leg of the user, a neck of the user, a shoulder of the user, an upper arm of the user and a lower arm of the user,

the system further comprises an environmental sensor, the environmental sensor is configured to generate an environmental parameter, the controller in electronic communication with the environmental sensor to receive the environmental parameter, the controller configured to determine the threshold based on the temperature measurements and the environmental parameter; and wherein the threshold temperature being related to the environmental parameter, the environmental parameter may be any one or more of relative humidity, ambient temperature, or wind speed,

the system further comprises a motion sensor attached to the user, the motion sensor generating a motion measurement, the controller in electronic communication with the motion sensor and configured to determine the threshold temperature based on the motion measurement and at least the temperature measurements; and wherein the threshold temperature being inversely proportional to the motion measurement,

the controller is configured to receive one or more user parameters, the controller further configured to adjust the threshold temperature based on the one or more user parameters, the user parameters are at least one or more of age, gender, personal thermal sensitivity,

the threshold temperature being a customized threshold temperature for each user, the controller determining the customized threshold temperature based on an initial temperature measurement, an environmental parameter and at least one user parameter.

In at least one embodiment the plurality of heating elements are arranged such that, in use, at least one heating element aligns with the pectoralis major muscle, at least one heating element aligns with bicep muscle, at least one heating element aligns with the latissimus dorsi and at least one heating element aligns with the rectus abdominis muscle, the plurality of temperature sensors are arranged such that, in use, at least one temperature sensor aligns with or is positioned on the pectoralis major muscle, at least one heating element aligns with bicep muscle, at least one heating element aligns with the latissimus dorsi and at least one heating element aligns with the rectus abdominis muscle.

In at least one embodiment a temperature regulation system for regulating the temperature of a user's body comprises;

a temperature sensor adapted to generate a temperature measurement that relates to a temperature of a portion of a user's body,

a temperature adjustment element adapted to regulate the temperature of a portion of the user's body,

a controller in electronic communication with the temperature sensor and the heating element, the controller configured to receive the temperature measurement of a portion of the user's body, the controller configured to compare the temperature measurement with a threshold temperature,

the controller activating the temperature adjustment element to provide heat or deliver a cooling effect to a portion of the user's body, when the temperature measurement is above or below the threshold temperature, and

wherein the temperature sensor and the temperature adjustment element is positioned on a wearable garment.

In at least one embodiment, the controller is configured to deactivate the temperature adjustment element when the temperature measurement exceeds or is below the threshold temperature.

In at least one embodiment, the wearable garment is configured to be worn by a user, the temperature sensor and the temperature adjustment element being positioned in an operable position.

In at least one embodiment, the temperature adjustment element includes a heating element and/or a cooling element.

The term “comprising” (and its grammatical variations) as used herein are used in the inclusive sense of “having” or “including” and not in the sense of “consisting only of”

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a generalized temperature regulation system.

FIG. 2 shows a front view of a long sleeve shirt with a temperature regulation system being disposed on the shirt.

FIG. 3 shows a back view of the long sleeve shirt of FIG. 2 and the temperature regulation system disposed on the shirt.

FIG. 4 another embodiment of the temperature regulation system being disposed on a long sleeve shirt.

FIG. 5 a back view of the shirt of FIG. 4 with a temperature regulation system disposed on the shirt.

FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a temperature regulation system that is disposed on long pants.

FIG. 7 shows the back of the pants and the temperature regulation system disposed on pants.

FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of a temperature regulation system that is disposed on a glove.

FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of a temperature regulation system disposed on a sock.

FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of a controller that can be used in any embodiment of a temperature regulation system shown in FIGS. 1 to 9.

FIG. 11 shows a flow chart for determining an initial threshold temperature.

FIG. 12 shows a flow chart of the controller operation to regulate temperature of a user.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The disclosure relates to a temperature regulation system, a controller for use as part of a temperature regulation system and a method for regulating a user's temperature. The temperature regulation system comprises at least a temperature sensor, a heating element and a controller in electronic communication with the temperature sensor and the heating element. The temperature regulation system is a wearable temperature regulation system, and as such comprises a wearable garment. At least the temperature sensor and the heating element are disposed on a wearable garment. The wearable garment is an article of clothing that can be worn by a user. In particular the temperature regulation system is adapted to control the skin temperature of a portion of user's body.

Various embodiments will now be described with reference to the figures.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic of a generalized temperature regulation system. As shown in FIG. 1, the temperature regulation system 100 comprises a temperature sensor 102, a heating element 104, a controller 106 and a user device 108. The system further comprises a wearable article 110. As shown in FIG. 1, at least the temperature sensor 102 is disposed on the wearable article such that the temperature sensor 102 is in contact with a portion of the user's body. The temperature sensor 102 is at least directly in contact with the user's skin. Alternatively the temperature sensor 102 is indirectly in contact with the user's skin, for example through a layer of the wearable garment or article 110. The sensor 102 is configured to measure the skin temperature of the user.

The wearable garment 110 can be any suitable garment 110 that a user can wear on a portion of the user's body. For example the garment 110 can be a long sleeve shirt, T-shirt, hat, socks, gloves, pants, tights, jacket, beanie or any other suitable wearable garment.

The temperature sensor 102 is configured to generate a temperature measurement that corresponds to the temperature at a portion of the user's body. Preferably the temperature measurement is a skin temperature.

The heating element 104 can be any suitable element or device to provide heat to a user. For example the heating element 104 may be a heating pad that can be positioned on the wearable garment 110 and arranged in direct contact with the user's skin or in contact through a layer of textile, to provide heat to a portion of the user's body. The heating element 104 provides heat to increase the skin temperature of the user. Alternatively the heating element can be an air conditioning unit in a car or home or can be a smart appliance or a HVAC system of a building or any other suitable device or system to provide heat to a user.

The controller 106 is configured to receive the temperature measurement from the temperature sensor 102. The controller 106 is in electronic communication with the temperature sensor 102 and the heating element 104. The controller 106 can be connected by an electrical wire or wirelessly with the temperature sensor 102 and the heating element 104. The controller receives the temperature measurement as an electronic signal from the temperature sensor 102. The controller is configured to process the temperature measurement. The controller is configured to compare the temperature measurement with a threshold temperature and generate an output. The controller 106 activates the heating element 104 if the temperature measurement i.e. the measured temperature of a portion of the user's body is below the threshold temperature. The controller activates the heating element 104 until the temperature measurement exceeds the threshold temperature. The heating element 104 is deactivated by the controller 106 when the temperature measurement exceeds the threshold temperature. In some other examples, this threshold temperature, may also be a variable with a suitable value that can be used to determine when the heating element 104 (or in some examples, a cooling element) is activated. In this regard, the threshold may be a threshold temperature, although it may also be a score or summation result that is calculated based the parameters measured.

The user device 108 is a portable device that can be used by the user to as an input-output interface. The user device 108 is a low energy wireless system. The user device 108 may, for example, be a smartphone or a tablet. The user device 108 is adapted for two way communication with the controller 106, such that information can be transmitted from the user device 108 to the controller 106 and information can be transmitted from the controller 106 to the user device 108.

The system 100 further comprises a power source 112 that is connected to the controller 106 to power the controller 106. The power source 112 can transmit power via a wired connection or wirelessly. The controller 106 and the power source 112 are preferably disposed on the wearable garment 110.

FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate an embodiment of a temperature regulation system 200 for regulating the temperature of a portion of user's body. As shown in FIG. 2, the system comprises a wearable garment 202. In the illustrated embodiment at least a portion of or components of the temperature regulation system are disposed on the wearable garment 202.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2 the wearable garment 202 is a long sleeve shirt. The long sleeve shirt is tight fitting shirt such as an exercise shirt or a compression shirt. The long sleeve shirt 202 is formed from any suitable natural or artificial textile material. The shirt 202 is made from a blend of artificial textile material such as polyamide, polyester, elastane, spandex or any other fibre that allows good breathability, softness and stretching. Alternatively the shirt 202 may be made of natural textiles such as wool or cotton.

The wearable garment 202 is formed of one or more layers of textile material. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, comprises at least two layers of textile. The layers of textile may be separated by an air-gap. The wearable garment 202 may include a plurality of pockets 202 a-202 p formed between two textile layers. The wearable garment 202 can be different sizes to account for different sized users, and the components of the system can be arranged in a similar manner on various sizes of the garment 202.

The temperature regulation system 200 comprises a plurality of temperature sensors referred to as 204 a-204 s that are disposed on the wearable garment 202. Each temperature sensor, of the plurality of temperature sensors 204 a-204 s is configured to generate a temperature measurement. The temperature sensor 204 a-204 s can be any suitable temperature sensor that can determine a skin temperature measurement such as a thermistor, thermocouple or an infra-red temperature sensor. One example of a temperature sensor is a Smiths Medical skin temperature sensor STS400. The sensors 204 a-204 s are any suitable size that allow for a low size profile such that the sensor is not uncomfortable when the garment 202 is worn by the user. The sensors are preferably flat disk shaped sensors that are circular or square in shape. The sensors have a diameter of 1 cm or are 1 cm×1 cm in dimension. The sensors can be any other suitable shape. The sensors 204 a-204 s are configured to measure the skin temperature of the user.

The plurality of temperature sensors 204 a-204 s measures the temperature at various locations or of various parts of a user's body. Each temperature measurement relates to the temperature of the portion of the user's body that is adjacent to the temperature sensor. The plurality of temperature sensors 204 a-204 s allow for an accurate representation of the user's body temperature. The use of a plurality of temperature sensors 204 a-204 s provides a representation of the temperature gradient along a user's body.

The temperature regulation system 200 comprises a plurality of heating elements 206 a-206 s. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the temperature regulation system 200 comprises fifteen heating elements disposed on the wearable garment 202. Each heating element is a flexible, planar heating pad. Each heating pad 206 a-206 s is disposed on the wearable garment 202 and is in contact with the user's skin. Each heating pad 206 a-206 s is positioned within a pocket 202 a-202 s of the wearable garment 202, such that the heating pad is not in direct contact with the user's skin. Each heating pad 206 a-206 s is arranged in the pocket such that there is a layer of textile between the heating pad and the user's skin. Alternatively the heating pad 206 a-206 s is arranged on the wearable garment 202 and is in direct contact with the skin of the user.

The heating pads 206 a-206 s are electrically activated heating pads. The heating pads 206 a-206 s include a heating element wrapped in a soft flexible coating (not illustrated). The heating pad element can be made in any suitable form. The flexible coating is also formed from a suitable biocompatible material such as silicone or a plastics material that is suitable for use on human skin and is also substantially flexible. The coating may be over moulded onto the heating element or alternatively the coating is applied to the heating element with any suitable process.

Some of the heating pads 206 a-206 s are square and planar in shape. Other pads are rectangular in shape. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the square heating pads 206 a-206 s are 10 cm×10 cm in dimensions and rectangular heating pads are 10 cm×30 cm. Alternatively the heating pads 206 a-206 s may be any other suitable polygon shape such as a pentagon shape or hexagon shape. The heating pads can be any suitable size and shape depending on the size of the wearable garment.

Each temperature sensor from the plurality of temperature sensors 204 a-204 s is positioned on a heating pad of the plurality of heating pads 206 a-206 s. In the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3 each temperature sensor 204 a-204 s is associated with a single heating pad 206 a-206 s. The temperature sensor 204 a-204 s is attached to the heating pad 206 a-206 s on the user proximal side of the heating pad, i.e. the side of the heating pad that is closest to the user. The temperature sensor 204 a-204 s are positioned on the centre of the heating pad 206 a-206 s. Each temperature sensor 204 a-204 s can measure the skin temperature through a layer of textile of the wearable garment 202. Alternatively the temperature sensor 204 a-204 s may be positioned in direct skin contact and can measure skin temperature via contact sensing.

As shown in FIG. 2 each temperature sensor 204 a-204 s and each heating pad 206 a-206 s is arranged such that, in use, each temperature sensor 204 a-204 s and each heating pad 206 a-206 s are arranged to align with or adjacent to the most temperature sensitive locations on the user's body. Each temperature sensor and each heating pad, in use, is positioned at least adjacent to or at the user's abdomen, the user's chest, the user's back, the user's upper leg, the user's lower leg, the user's upper arm, the user's lower arm and optionally at the shoulder blades. The heating pad may also align with a central back, in particular a heating pad is positioned along the spine of a user.

As illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 each temperature sensor 204 a-204 s and each heating pad 206 a-206 s is positioned on the wearable garment 202 such that, in use, the temperature sensor is aligned with or arranged adjacent to a major muscle group of the user's body. As shown in FIG. 2, each heating pad 206 a-206 s is also positioned on the wearable garment 202 such that, in use, the heating pad 206 a-206 s aligns with or is positioned adjacent to a major muscle group of the user.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show an in use arrangement of the temperature sensors and the heating pads. FIG. 2 shows a front view of the wearable garment 202 with temperature sensors 204 a-204 k and heating pads 204 a-204 k positioned on it. Referring to FIG. 2, temperature sensor 204 a is positioned at the upper right chest area. Temperature sensor 204 a is positioned on the right pectoralis major. Temperature 204 b is positioned on the upper left chest area. Temperature sensor 204 b is positioned on the left pectoralis major. Temperature sensors 204 c and 204 d are positioned along the right arm of the user, sensor 204 c being positioned within the upper arm region and sensor 204 d being positioned on the lower arm region. As shown in FIG. 2 temperature sensor 204 c is positioned on the right bicep of the user and temperature sensor 204 d is positioned on the right forearm of the user. Temperature sensor 204 e is located, in use, on the upper left arm region and temperature sensor 204 f is located on the lower left arm. As shown in FIG. 2 temperature sensor 204 e is positioned on the left bicep of the user and temperature sensor 204 f is positioned on the left forearm of the user. Still referring to FIG. 2 temperature sensors 204 g and 204 h are, respectively, positioned on right and left lateral abdominal muscles of the user. Temperature sensors 204 i, 204 j and 204 k are positioned along the centre abdomen of the user. Sensor 204 i is positioned highest on the abdomen adjacent to the sternum, sensor 204 j is positioned in the middle abdomen and sensor 204 k is positioned on the lower abdomen adjacent to the navel. Preferably sensor 204 k is positioned at least 5 cm below the navel of the user. The temperature sensors 204 i-204 k are positioned along the rectus abdominis muscle group of the user.

FIG. 3 shows a rear of the wearable garment with positions of temperature sensors 204 l-204 s and heating pads 206 l-206 s. As shown in FIG. 3 temperature sensor 204 l is positioned on the upper back, substantially in the centre of the upper back. The sensor 204 l is positioned on the trapezius muscle of the user. Temperature sensors 204 m and 204 n are located, in use, at the upper arm and lower left arm respectively. Temperature sensor 204 m is positioned on the left tricep of the user. Temperature sensor 204 n is positioned on the left posterior region of the user's forearm. Temperature sensors 204 o and 204 p are positioned on the upper and lower right arm respectively. Temperature sensor 204 o is positioned on the right tricep of the user and temperature sensor 204 p is positioned on the right posterior forearm of the user. Temperature sensors 204 q and 204 r are positioned on the mid back of the user, substantially on the latissimus dorsi muscle. Temperature sensor 204 s is positioned on the lower back or lumbar region of the user.

The system 200 may optionally include an additional sensor that is, in use, positioned on the wrist of the user. Each wrist can include a single sensor. The wrist sensor measures the temperature at the wrist. The wrist sensor is positioned at a region of the wrist that includes several blood vessels to allow the system to rapidly gather a body temperature.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show the arrangement of the heating pads 206 a-206 s. Each of the temperature sensors 204 a-204 s is associated with and attached to one of the heating pads 206 a-206 s. Referring again to FIG. 2 heating pad 206 a is located on the right upper chest of the user, and heating pad 206 a is shaped to sit on and substantially cover the right pectoralis major muscle. Heating pad 206 b is positioned on the left upper chest of the user. Heating pad 206 b is shaped to sit on and substantially cover the left pectoralis major muscle of the user. Heating pads 206 c and 206 d are located along the right arm of the user. Heating pad 206 c is shaped and arranged to substantially cover the right bicep muscle of the user. Heating pad 206 d is shaped and arranged around the anterior region of the right forearm. Heating pads 206 e and 206 f are arranged along the left arm of the user. Heating pad 206 e is shaped and arranged to cover substantially the left bicep muscle of the user. Heating pad 206 f is shaped and arranged around the anterior region of the left forearm of the user. Heating pads 206 g and 206 h are substantially elongate in shape and extend along right and left lateral abdominal regions of the user respectively. Each of the heating pads 206 g and 206 h extend from the lower abdomen to the beginning of the chest and respectively substantially cover a right side and left side of the user's body. Heating pads 206 i, 206 j and 206 k are positioned along the mid-abdominal region. Heating pads 206 i, 206 j and 206 k align with the rectus abdominis muscle of the user. The heating pads 206 i, 206 j and 206 k are identical in size to each other. As seen in FIG. 2 some heating pads are rectangular in shape and some heating pads are square in shape. The heating pads 206 a-206 k can be any suitable or desired shape.

Referring back to FIG. 3, there is shown a rear view with the locations and arrangement of the heating pads 206 l-206 s. Heating pad 204 l is positioned on the upper back of the user when the garment 202 is worn. Heating pad 204 l is rectangular in shape and extends along the trapezius muscle. Heating pads 206 m and 206 n are positioned along the left arm of the user. Heating pad 206 m is positioned along and substantially covers the left tricep muscle. Heating pad 206 n is positioned around the posterior forearm region. Heating pads 206 m and 206 n are rectangular in shape. Heating pads 206 o and 206 p are positioned along the right arm. Heating pad 206 o is located on and substantially covers the right tricep. Heating pad 206 p is located along the posterior forearm region of the right arm. Heating pads 206 o and 206 p are rectangular in shape. Heating pads 206 q and 206 r are rectangular in shape and arranged in the mid back region of the user's back. Heating pad 206 q is positioned along and substantially extends along the length of the right latissimus dorsi muscle. Heating pad 206 r is arranged along and substantially extends along the length of the left latissimus dorsi muscle. Heating pad 206 s is an elongate rectangular pad that extends along the lower back or lumbar region of the user.

The heating pads 206 a-206 s are positioned along and at least partially cover a user's major muscle groups as the major muscle groups of a user's body provide an easy location feature. The major muscle groups provide an easy alignment or location feature on the user's body for positioning the heating pads and temperature sensors.

The temperature regulation system 200 comprises a controller unit 208 that is disposed on the wearable garment 202. The controller 208 is removably attached to the wearable shirt 202. The shirt 202 may include a further pocket into which the controller 208 can be inserted.

The controller 208 is in electronic communication with each of the temperature sensors 204 a-204 s and each of the heating pads 206 a-206 s. The temperature sensors 204 a-204 s are connected to the controller 208 via data wires. The controller 208 receives temperature measurements from the temperature sensors 204 a-204 s. The data wires are attached to the wearable garment. The data wires can be adhered to or sown into the garment 202. The heating pads 206 a-206 s are connected to the controller 208 via power lines. The power lines provide a power signal or an activation signal to one or more of the heating pads 206 a-206 s, from the controller 208. The controller 208 can make and break connections with the data wires and the power lines in a single action as the controller is removed and attached to the wearable article 202.

The controller 208 includes at least a processor, a memory unit and a power unit. The power unit generates power and the power unit comprises rechargeable batteries. The processor, memory unit and power unit are arranged in a casing. The controller 208 and casing are disposed on the wearable garment.

The controller 208 is configured to receive temperature measurements from each of the temperature sensors 204 a-204 s. The controller 208 samples the temperature sensors 204 a-204 s periodically or at least continuously to receive a temperature measurement. The sampling frequency can be any suitable frequency. For this example the sensors sampling frequency is once every 2 seconds, i.e. 0.5 Hz. The sampling frequency can be much higher and improved sensors can have sampling frequencies in the megahertz range. The controller 208 compares each temperature measurement with a threshold temperature. The controller 208 activates one or more heating pads 206 a-206 s if the temperature measurement is less than the threshold temperature.

The temperature regulation system 200 further includes an environmental sensor 210. The environmental sensor 210 is arranged on wearable article 202. The environmental sensor 210 is not in contact with the skin of the user. As shown in FIG. 2, the wearable article 202 includes a textile or fabric loop 212. The environmental sensor 210 is positioned on the textile fabric loop 212 such that the environmental sensor 210 does not contact the skin of the user. Alternatively the environmental sensor 210 can be positioned anywhere on the garment 202 such that it is not in contact with the user's skin. In other forms the garment 202 may include multiple environmental sensors disposed on the garment.

The environmental sensor 210 determines an environmental parameter. The environmental parameter is a parameter related to the ambient environment of the user. For example the environmental parameter can be any one or more of relative humidity, ambient temperature, or wind speed. In some embodiments a wind chill parameter can also be calculated and used as an environmental parameter. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 the temperature regulatory system 200 includes one environmental sensor 210. The environmental sensor 210 is a humidity sensor that is configured to measure relative humidity. Alternatively relative humidity can be determined. In a further alternative the environmental sensor 210 may be configured to measure an ambient temperature.

The measured environmental parameter is provided to the controller 208. The controller 208 processes the environmental parameter to adjust a threshold temperature. The environmental sensor continuously measures the environmental parameter and continuously transmits the environmental parameter to the controller 208. The controller 208 periodically samples the environmental sensor 210 to obtain the environmental parameter. The sampling rate can be any suitable sampling rate. Alternatively the controller 208 may continuously sample the environmental sensor.

As shown in FIG. 2, the system 200 further includes a motion sensor 214 that is positioned on the wearable garment 202. The motion sensor 214 is configured to determine a motion measurement. The motion measurement is related to a motion of the user. The motion sensor 214 being connected to the garment 202 allows for a more accurate motion measurement. Alternatively the system may include a plurality of motion sensors 214 positioned at various locations for example adjacent to each temperature sensor to determine the motion of each portion of the user's body.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, the motion sensor 214 is a 3 axis accelerometer. The accelerometer 214 detects or measures the body movements of the user. The motion measurement is an acceleration measurement or a velocity measurement. The motion measurement is sampled by the controller 208 from the motion sensor 214. The motion sensor 214 is sampled at any suitable sampling rate. The controller 208 uses the motion measurement to adjust the threshold temperature based on a predetermined relationship.

The temperature regulation system 200 further comprises a user device 216. The user device 216 is a low energy wireless device. In the illustrated embodiment the user device 216 is a smartphone or a tablet. The user device 216 is a portable device that includes at least a processor, a memory and a user interface. The user can input information to and communicate with the controller 208 via the user device 216. The controller 208 can also transmit information to the user device 216 for display to the user. The user device 216 uses a low energy wireless system such as Bluetooth or infra-red as the wireless communication protocol.

The controller 208 receives a user parameter from the user via the user device 216. The user parameter is input by the user into the user device 216. The user parameter is a specific characteristic of a user. Some examples of user parameters are age, gender, thermal sensitivity, weight and so on. The controller 208 processes a received one or more user parameter and further modifies the threshold temperature based on the received user parameters. The functionality of the controller will be described in more detail later within this specification.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show another embodiment of a temperature regulation system 400 for regulating the body temperature or skin temperature of the user. As seen in FIGS. 4 and 5 the system 400 comprises a wearable garment 402. The wearable garment 402 is a long sleeve women's shirt. The shirt 402 is made from any suitable artificial or natural textile material. Preferably the shirt 402 is made from a fabric or textile blend such as a polyester, polyamide blend, or elastane or any other suitable material. Alternatively the shirt 402 may be formed from wool or cotton etc. The women's shirt 402 is made of a material that allows breathability, softness, and is stretchable.

The temperature regulation system 400 comprises a plurality of temperature sensors 404 a-404 p and a plurality of heating pads 406 a-406 p. The temperature sensors 404 a-404 p and the heating pads 406 a-406 p are integrated into the shirt 402 or attached to the shirt 402. The sensors 404 a-404 p and the heating pads 406 a-406 p may be sewn or adhered to the shirt 402. Alternatively the shirt 402 may include pockets that receive and retain the heating pads 406 a-406 p and the temperature sensors 404 a-404 p.

The temperature sensors 404 a-404 p positioned such that there is a layer or textile between the sensor and the skin, such that the sensors do not make direct contact with the skin. Alternatively the temperature sensors 404 a-404 p may be arranged such that they make direct contact with the user's skin. The temperature sensors 404 a-404 p are attached to the heating pads 406 a-406 p. Each temperature sensor, of the plurality of temperature sensors 404 a-404 p, is attached to a single heating pad of the plurality of heating pads 406 a-406 p. Each temperature sensor 404 a-404 p is associated with a single heating pad 406 a-406 p. The temperature sensor 404 a-404 p being attached to the heating pads 406 a-406 p allows the controller to determine a temperature of a portion of the user's body and then apply heat to the same portion if a temperature is below a threshold temperature. This is made possible by the one to one relationship of the temperature sensor and heating pad.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show an arrangement of the temperature sensors 404 a-404 p around the shirt 402. FIGS. 4 and 5 show an exemplary arrangement of the temperature sensors 404 a-404 p. As seen in FIG. 4, the system 400 comprises a temperature sensor 404 a that is positioned in the upper chest region. Temperature sensors 404 b and 404 c are located on the right arm of the user, in use. Temperature sensor 404 b is positioned on the right arm bicep. Temperature sensor 404 c is positioned on the right forearm of the right arm, specifically on the anterior region of the right forearm. Temperature sensors 404 d and 404 e are positioned on the left arm of the user. As shown in FIG. 4 temperature 404 d is located on the left bicep of the user. Temperature sensor 404 e are located on the left anterior forearm of the user, in use. Sensors 404 f and 404 g are located on lateral abdominal regions of the user. Sensor 404 f is positioned on the right lateral abdominal region, and sensor 404 g is located on the left lateral abdominal region. Temperature sensor 404 h is located on the mid abdominal region of the user. Sensor 404 h is located on the rectus abdominis muscle of the user. Temperature sensor 404 i is positioned on the lower abdominal region, adjacent to the navel of the user.

FIG. 5 shows a rear view of the shirt 402. As shown in FIG. 5, temperature sensor 404 j is located on the upper back portion of the user, in use. The temperature sensor 404 j is located on the trapezius muscle of the user when the shirt 402 is worn. Temperature sensors 404 k and 404 l are located on the rear of the left arm of the user, when the shirt 402 is worn by the user. Sensor 404 k is positioned on the left tricep of the user, and sensor 404 l is located on the posterior region of the left forearm of the user. Temperature sensors 404 m and 404 n are located on the rear of the right arm of the user. Temperature sensor 404 m is positioned on the right tricep of the user. Temperature sensor 404 n is located on the posterior region of the right forearm of the user. Temperature sensor 404 o is located on the mid back portion, the sensor 404 o being substantially positioned on the latissimus dorsi muscle. Temperature sensor 404 p is located on the lower back of the user, sensor 404 p being located on the lower lumbar region of the user.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show an arrangement of heating pads 406 a-406 p on the shirt and in use. As shown in FIG. 4 heating pad 406 a is located on the upper chest of the user. Heating pad 406 a is positioned to cover a part of the left and right pectoralis major muscles. Heating pads 406 b and 406 c are positioned on the right arm of the user, in use. Heating pads 406 b and 406 c are rectangular in shape. Heating pad 406 b is positioned on the right bicep of the user and heating pad 406 c is positioned on the anterior region of the right forearm of the user. Heating pads 406 d and 406 e are positioned on the left arm of the user, in use. Heating pads 406 d and 406 e are also substantially rectangular in shape. Heating pad 406 d is located on the left bicep of the user and heating pad 406 e is located on the anterior region of the left forearm of the user. Heating pads 406 f and 406 g are located on right and left lateral abdominal regions of the user. Heating pad 406 f is located on the right lateral abdominal muscle. Heating pad 406 g is located on the left lateral abdominal muscle. Heating pads 406 f and 406 g are rectangular in shape and substantially cover the lateral abdominal regions. Heating pad 406 h is rectangular in shape and is positioned on the mid abdominal region. As shown in FIG. 4 heating pad 406 h, in use, is positioned along the rectus abdominis muscle. Heating pad 406 i is substantially rectangular in shape and extends along the lower abdominal portion.

FIG. 5 shows a rear view of the shirt 402 and an arrangement of heating pads 406 j-406 p on the rear of the shirt 402. As shown in FIG. 5, heating pad 406 j is located on the upper back portion of the user. Heating pad 406 j is rectangular in shape and extends at least partially across the trapezius muscle of the user. Heating pads 406 k and 406 l are located on the rear portion of the left arm of the user. Heating pad 406 k extends substantially along the left tricep of the user. Heating pad 406 l extends substantially along the posterior region of the left forearm of the user. Heating pads 406 l and 406 k are substantially rectangular in shape. Heating pads 406 m and 406 n are positioned on the rear portion of the right arm of the user. Heating pads 406 m and 406 n are substantially rectangular in shape. Heating pad 406 m is located along and substantially covers the right tricep muscle of the user. Heating pad 406 n is located along the posterior portion of the right forearm. Heating pad 406 o is positioned on the mid back portion of the user, in use. Heating pad 406 o is substantially rectangular in shape and extends substantially along the mid back and latissimus dorsi muscle of the user. Heating pad 406 o extends along the spine from the thoracic to lumbar region of the back. Heating pad 406 p is positioned on and extends along the lumbar region of the user. Heating pad 406 p are substantially rectangular in shape and heating pad 406 p wraps around the lower back region.

The temperature regulation system 400 comprises a controller 408. The controller unit 408 is disposed on the wearable garment 202. The controller 408 is removably attached to the wearable shirt 402. The shirt 402 may include a further pocket into which the controller 408 can be inserted.

The controller 408 is in electronic communication with each of the temperature sensors 404 a-404 p and each of the heating pads 406 a-406 p. The temperature sensors 404 a-404 p are connected to the controller 408 via data wires. The controller 408 receives temperature measurements from the temperature sensors 404 a-404 p. The data wires are attached to the wearable garment. The data wires can be adhered to or sown into the garment 402. The heating pads 406 a-406 p are connected to the controller 408 via power lines. The power lines provide a power signal or an activation signal to one or more of the heating pads 406 a-406 p, from the controller 408. The controller 408 can make and break connections with the data wires and the power lines in a single action as the controller is removed and attached to the wearable article 402.

The controller 408 includes at least a processor, a memory unit and a power unit. The processor, memory unit and power unit are arranged in a casing. The controller 408 is similar in structure and function as controller 208.

The controller 408 is configured to receive temperature measurements from each of the temperature sensors 404 a-404 p. The controller 408 compares each temperature measurement with a threshold temperature. The controller 408 activates one or more heating pads 406 a-406 p if the temperature measurement is less than the threshold temperature.

The temperature regulation system 400 further includes an environmental sensor 410. The environmental sensor 410 is arranged on wearable article 402. The environmental sensor 410 is not in contact with the skin of the user. As shown in FIG. 4, the wearable article 402 includes a textile or fabric loop 412. The environmental sensor 410 is positioned on the textile fabric loop 412 such that the environmental sensor 410 does not contact the skin of the user. Alternatively the environmental sensor 410 can be positioned anywhere at any other location on the wearable article 402, such that it is not in contact with the user's skin. In other forms the garment 402 may include multiple environmental sensors disposed on the garment.

The environmental sensor 410 determines an environmental parameter. The environmental parameter is a parameter related to the ambient environment of the user. For example the environmental parameter can be any one or more of relative humidity, ambient temperature, or wind speed. The environmental sensor 410 is a humidity sensor that is configured to measure relative humidity. Alternatively relative humidity can be determined. In a further alternative the environmental sensor 410 may be configured to measure an ambient temperature.

The measured environmental parameter is provided to the controller 408. The controller 408 processes the environmental parameter to adjust a threshold temperature. The environmental sensor continuously measures the environmental parameter and continuously transmits the environmental parameter to the controller 408. The controller 408 periodically or continuously samples the environmental sensor 410 to obtain the environmental parameter. The sampling rate can be any suitable sampling rate for example 0.5 Hz or in the megahertz range.

As shown in FIG. 4, the system 400 further includes a motion sensor 414 that is positioned on the shirt 402. The motion sensor 414 is configured to determine a motion measurement. The motion measurement is related to a motion of the user. The motion sensor 414 being connected to the garment 402 allows for a more accurate motion measurement. Alternatively the system may include a plurality of motion sensors 414 positioned at various locations for example adjacent to each temperature sensor to determine the motion of each portion of the user's body.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 4, the motion sensor 414 is a 3 axis accelerometer. The accelerometer 414 detects or measures the body movements of the user. The motion measurement is an acceleration measurement or a velocity measurement. The motion measurement is sampled by the controller 408 from the motion sensor 414. The motion sensor 414 is sampled at any suitable sampling rate. The controller 408 uses the motion measurement to adjust the threshold temperature based on a predetermined relationship.

The temperature regulation system 400 further comprises a user device 416. The user device 416 is a low energy wireless device. In the illustrated embodiment the user device 416 is a smartphone or a tablet. The user device 416 is a portable device that includes at least a processor, a memory and a user interface. The user can input information to and communicate with the controller 408 via the user device 416. The controller 408 can also transmit information to the user device 416 for display to the user. The user device 416 uses a low energy wireless system such as Bluetooth or infra-red as the wireless communication protocol.

The controller 408 receives a user parameter from the user via the user device 416. The user parameter is input by the user into the user device 416. The user parameter is a specific characteristic of a user. Some examples of user parameters are age, gender, thermal sensitivity, weight and so on. The controller 408 processes a received one or more user parameter and further modifies the threshold temperature based on the received user parameters. The functionality of the controller will be described in more detail later within this specification.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show a further embodiment of the temperature regulation system 600. FIGS. 6 and 7 show the temperature regulation system 600 that comprises a plurality of temperature sensors 604 a-604 h and a plurality of heating pads 606 a-606 h as used with pants or tights. The system 600 is similar in function to the temperature regulation systems as described with respect to FIGS. 2 to 5. The embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7 is another arrangement of the sensors and heating pads on a different type of garment.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 the wearable garment 602 is a pair of pants. The pants are suitable for male or female use. The illustrated pants are tights and are form fitting, in order to ensure correct positioning of the sensors 604 a-604 h and heating pads 606 a-606 h when the pants are worn by a user. The pants 602 can be made from spandex or elastane or polyester or a blend of multiple textiles. Alternatively the pants may be made of natural fibres such as cotton or wool.

The temperature sensors 604 a-604 h and heating pads 606 a-606 h may be adhered to the pants or may be positioned within pockets positioned at various locations on the pants 602. As in previous embodiments each temperature sensor 604 a-604 h is associated with a single heating pad 606 a-606 h, and each temperature sensor 604 a-604 h is connected to a single heating pad 606 a-606 h.

The temperature sensors 604 a-604 h are adapted to sense temperature through a layer of textile but may be arranged to be in direct skin contact. The heating pads 606 a-606 h are positioned on the pants 602 such that there is layer of textile between the pads and the user's skin to avoid any damage from excessive heat delivery. The temperature sensors 604 a-604 h are similar in size and make to sensors 204 a-204 s. The heating pads 606 a-606 h are similar in make and structure to heating pads 206 a-206 s.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show an, in use, arrangement of the temperature sensors 604 a-604 h and the heating pads 606 a-606 h on the pants 602. Referring to FIG. 6, there is shown a front view of the pants 602. The pants 602 comprise temperature sensors 604 a-604 d positioned on the front side of the users legs, in use. Temperature sensor 604 a is positioned on the right upper thigh region of the user. Temperature sensor 604 a is substantially aligned with or positioned adjacent to the right quadriceps muscle of the user. Temperature sensor 604 b is positioned on the left upper thigh of the user, wherein sensor 604 b is aligned with or positioned adjacent to the left quadriceps muscle of the user. Temperature sensor 604 c is located on the lower right leg of the user. As illustrated in FIG. 6 temperature sensor 604 c is located on the right shin of the user. Temperature sensor 604 d is located on the lower left leg of the user, specifically on the left shin of the user.

FIG. 7 shows a rear view of the pants 602. As shown in FIG. 7 temperature sensor 604 e is located on the upper portion of the rear part of the left leg. Temperature sensor 604 e is located on the left hamstring area of the user. Temperature sensor 604 f is located on the upper portion of the rear part of the right leg of the user, more specifically on the right hamstring area of the user. Temperature sensors 604 g and 604 h are located on the lower rear left leg and lower rear right leg, respectively. Temperature sensor 604 g is located on the left calf muscle of the user and the sensor 604 h is located on the right calf muscle of the user.

Referring back to FIG. 6 there is shown a distribution of heating pads 606 a-606 d on the pants 602. Heating pad 606 a is located on the right upper thigh region of the user. Heating pad 606 a is rectangular in shape and extends substantially along the right quadriceps muscle in use. Heating pad 606 b is located on the left upper thigh region of the user, specifically rectangular shaped heating pad 606 b is extends substantially along the left quadriceps muscle of the user in use. Heating pads 606 c and 606 d are located on the lower left leg and lower right leg respectively. Heating pads 606 c and 606 d are substantially rectangular in shape and extend along the left shin and right shin respectively.

Referring to FIG. 7, heating pad 606 e is located on the rear part of the upper left leg of the user. The rectangular shaped heating pad 606 e extends along the left hamstring of the user. Heating pad 606 f is located on the rear part of the upper right leg of the user. The rectangular shaped heating pad 606 f is located and extends along the right hamstring of the user. Heating pads 606 g and 606 h are substantially rectangular in shape. Heating pad 606 g extends along the left calf muscle of the user and heating pad 606 h extends along the right calf muscle of the user.

The temperature regulation system 600 further comprises a controller 608 that is located on the pants 602. As shown in FIG. 6 the controller 608 is located on the upper portion of the pants. The temperature sensors 604 a-604 h are connected to the controller via data lines or wires to transmit temperature measurements from the temperature sensors 604 a-604 h to the controller. The data lines in system 600 are similar or identical to the data lines described with respect to the embodiment described in FIGS. 2 and 3. The data lines may be adhered to the pants or sewn into the material of the pants 602 or may be deposited by any suitable deposition method. The heating pads 606 a-606 h are connected to the controller 608 by power lines, similar to those described earlier. The controller 608 can vary the power delivered to the heating pads 606 a-606 h.

The controller 608 is similar in structure and function to the controllers 208 and 408. The controller 608 includes at least a processor, memory unit and a power unit. The power unit includes rechargeable batteries to provide power. The controller 608 receives a temperature measurement from each temperature sensor 604 a-604 h, compares the temperature measurement with a threshold temperature and selectively activates a heating pad 606 a-606 h that is associated with the sensor that provided a temperature measurement that was less than the threshold temperature. The controller 608 activates one or more heating pads 606 a-606 h if the temperature measurement is less than the threshold temperature. The controller 608 is removably connected to the garment 602. The controller 608 is shape and structured such that connections with the data lines and power lines can be made or broken with ease for example via a single action or motion.

The temperature regulation system 600 further includes an environmental sensor 610. The environmental sensor 610 is arranged on the pants 602. The environmental sensor 610 is not in contact with the skin of the user. As shown in FIG. 6, the pants 202 includes a textile or fabric loop 612 located at the top of the pants. The loop 612 may be located at any suitable location on the pants 602. The environmental sensor 610 is positioned on the textile fabric loop 612 such that the environmental sensor 610 does not contact the skin of the user. Alternatively the environmental sensor 610 can be positioned anywhere on the garment 602 such that it is not in contact with the user's skin. In other forms the garment 602 may include multiple environmental sensors disposed on the garment.

The environmental sensor 610 determines an environmental parameter. The environmental parameter is a parameter related to the ambient environment of the user. For example the environmental parameter can be any one or more of relative humidity, ambient temperature, or wind speed. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 the temperature regulatory system 600 includes one environmental sensor 610. The environmental sensor 610 is a humidity sensor that is configured to measure relative humidity. Alternatively relative humidity can be determined. In a further alternative the environmental sensor 610 may be configured to measure an ambient temperature.

The measured environmental parameter is provided to the controller 608. The controller 608 processes the environmental parameter to adjust a threshold temperature. The environmental sensor continuously measures the environmental parameter and continuously transmits the environmental parameter to the controller 608. The controller 608 periodically or continuously samples the environmental sensor 610 to obtain the environmental parameter. The sampling rate can be any suitable sampling rate.

As shown in FIG. 6, the system 200 further includes a motion sensor 614 that is positioned on the wearable garment 602. The motion sensor 614 is configured to determine a motion measurement. The motion measurement is related to a motion of the user. The motion sensor 614 is attached to the pants 602 adjacent to the controller 608. The motion sensor 614 allows for a more accurate motion measurement. Alternatively the system 600 may include a plurality of motion sensors 614 positioned at various locations, for example, adjacent to each temperature sensor to determine the motion of each portion of the user's body.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 6, the motion sensor 614 is a 3 axis accelerometer. Alternatively the motion sensor may be a gyroscope. The accelerometer 614 detects or measures the body movements of the user. The motion measurement is an acceleration measurement or a velocity measurement. The motion measurement is sampled by the controller 608 from the motion sensor 614. The controller 608 is in electronic communication with the motion sensor 614. The motion sensor 614 is sampled at any suitable sampling rate. The controller 608 uses the motion measurement to adjust the threshold temperature based on a predetermined relationship.

The temperature regulation system 600 further comprises a user device 616. The user device 616 is a low energy wireless device. In the illustrated embodiment the user device 616 is a smartphone or a tablet. The user device 616 is a portable device that includes at least a processor, a memory and a user interface. The user can input information to and communicate with the controller 608 via the user device 616. The controller 608 can also transmit information to the user device 616 for display to the user. The user device 616 uses a low energy wireless system such as Bluetooth or infra-red as the wireless communication protocol.

The controller 608 receives a user parameter from the user via the user device 616. The user parameter is input by the user into the user device 616. The user parameter is a specific characteristic of a user. Some examples of user parameters are age, gender, thermal sensitivity, weight and so on. The controller 608 processes a received one or more user parameter and further modifies the threshold temperature based on the received user parameters. The functionality of the controller will be described in more detail later within this specification.

FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of a temperature regulation system for regulating the temperature of a portion of a user's body. FIG. 8 shows a temperature regulation system 800 that comprises at least one temperature sensor 804 a and a heating pad 806 a being disposed on a wearable garment 802 is a glove that is wearable by a user.

The glove 802 is made from any suitable material such as wool, cotton, leather, polyester, spandex or a blend of two or more materials. FIG. 8 shows a dorsal view and a bottom view of the glove. As shown in FIG. 8 the glove 802 comprises three temperature sensors 804 a-804 c and a heating pad 806 a.

The three temperature sensors 804 a-804 c can be permanently integrated or attached to the glove 802. The heating pad 806 a can also be integrated into the glove or attached to the glove 802. The glove 802 may include one or more pockets that receive and retain the temperature sensors 804 a-804 c and the heating pad 806 a.

As shown in FIG. 8 temperature sensor 804 b is positioned at the end of the ring finger portion of the glove such that the sensor aligns with the ring finger of the user, in use. Sensor 804 c is positioned at the end of the little finger portion of the glove such that the sensor 804 b aligns with the little finger of the user. The temperature sensors 804 b and 804 c are positioned on the dorsal side of the glove. Temperature sensor 804 a is positioned on the palm section of the glove 802. The temperature sensor 804 aligns with the palm of the user in use. In alternative forms the glove 802 may comprise additional temperatures sensors, for example each fingertip portion of each finger may include a temperature sensor disposed upon it.

Heating pad 806 a is positioned on the palm section of the glove 802. The heating pad 806 a provides heat to the palm of the user. The heating pad 806 a is arranged on the glove 802 such that there is a layer of textile between the heating pad 806 a and the hand of the user. The system 800 may include a plurality of heating pads, for example a heating pad positioned on each finger section of the glove 802.

The temperature regulation system 800 further includes a controller 808 that is arranged on the glove. As shown in FIG. 8 the controller 808 is arranged at the base of the glove 802. The controller 808 is similar to the controller 208 or 408 as described earlier. The controller 808 includes a processor, a memory unit and a power supply unit. The power unit includes rechargeable batteries for providing power. The controller 808 can be removably attached to the glove 802.

The controller 808 is in electronic communication with each of the temperature sensors 804 a-204 c and the heating pad 806 a. The temperature sensors 804 a-804 c are connected to the controller 808 via data wires. The controller 808 receives temperature measurements from the temperature sensors 804 a-804 c. The data wires are attached to the wearable garment. The data wires can be adhered to or sown into the glove 802. The heating pad 806 a is connected to the controller 808 via power lines. The power lines provide a power signal or an activation signal to the heating pad 806 a from the controller 808. The controller 808 can make and break connections with the data wires and the power lines in a single action as the controller is removed and attached to the wearable article, i.e. glove 802.

The controller 808 is configured to receive temperature measurements from each of the temperature sensors 804 a-804 c. The controller 808 samples the temperature sensors 804 a-804 c continuously to receive a temperature measurement. Alternatively the temperature sensors are sampled periodically by the controller. The sampling frequency can be any suitable frequency. For example the controller samples the temperature sensors 804 a-804 c every millisecond. The controller 808 compares each temperature measurement with a threshold temperature. The controller 808 activates the heating pad 806 a if the temperature measurement is less than the threshold temperature.

The temperature regulation system 800 further includes an environmental sensor 810. The environmental sensor 810 is arranged on wearable article 802. The environmental sensor 810 is not in contact with the skin of the user. As shown in FIG. 8, the wearable article 802 includes a textile or fabric loop 812. The environmental sensor 810 is positioned on the textile fabric loop 812 such that the environmental sensor 810 does not contact the skin of the user. Alternatively the environmental sensor 810 can be positioned anywhere on the garment 802 such that it is not in contact with the user's skin. In other forms the garment 802 may include multiple environmental sensors disposed on the garment.

The environmental sensor 810 determines an environmental parameter. The environmental parameter is parameter related to the ambient environment of the user. For example the environmental parameter can be any one or more of relative humidity, ambient temperature, or wind speed. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8 the temperature regulatory system 800 includes one environmental sensor 810. The environmental sensor 810 is a humidity sensor that is configured to measure relative humidity. Alternatively relative humidity can be determined. In a further alternative the environmental sensor 810 may be configured to measure an ambient temperature.

The measured environmental parameter is provided to the controller 808. The controller 808 processes the environmental parameter to adjust a threshold temperature. The environmental sensor continuously measures the environmental parameter and continuously transmits the environmental parameter to the controller 808. The controller 808 periodically or continuously samples the environmental sensor 810 to obtain the environmental parameter. The sampling rate can be any suitable sampling rate.

As shown in FIG. 8, the system 800 further includes a motion sensor 814 that is positioned on the wearable garment 802. The motion sensor 814 is configured to determine a motion measurement. The motion measurement is related to a motion of the user. The motion sensor 814 being connected to the garment 802 allows for a more accurate motion measurement. Alternatively the system may include a plurality of motion sensors 814 positioned at various locations for example adjacent to each temperature sensor to determine the motion of each portion of the user's body.

The motion sensor 814 is a 3 axis accelerometer, but could alternatively be a gyroscope. The accelerometer 814 detects or measures the body movements of the user. The motion measurement is an acceleration measurement or a velocity measurement. The motion measurement is sampled by the controller 808 from the motion sensor 814. The motion sensor 814 is sampled at any suitable sampling rate. The controller 808 uses the motion measurement to adjust the threshold temperature based on a predetermined relationship.

The temperature regulation system 800 further comprises a user device 816. The user device 816 is a low energy wireless device. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the user device 816 is a smartphone or a tablet. The user device 816 is a portable device that includes at least a processor, a memory and a user interface. The user can input information to and communicate with the controller 808 via the user device 816. The controller 808 can also transmit information to the user device 816 for display to the user. The user device 816 uses a low energy wireless system such as Bluetooth or infra-red as the wireless communication protocol.

The controller 808 receives a user parameter from the user via the user device 816. The user parameter is input by the user into the user device 816. The user parameter is a specific characteristic of a user. Some examples of user parameters are age, gender, thermal sensitivity, weight and so on. The controller 808 processes a received one or more user parameter and further modifies the threshold temperature based on the received user parameters.

FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of the temperature regulation system. The temperature regulation system 900 is disposed on a wearable garment 902. The wearable garment 902 is a sock. The sock may include a plurality of temperature sensors disposed on it. The sock 902 can also comprise heating pads disposed on the sock. The temperature sensors and heating pads disposed on the sock 902. As shown in FIG. 9, the sock 902 includes two temperature sensors 904 a-904 b. Temperature sensor 904 a is located at the toe such that the sensor aligns with the middle toe of the user, in use. Temperature sensor 904 b is located on the heel portion of the sock. Additional temperature sensors can be added to the sock 902.

The sock 902 also includes a heating pad 906 a-906 b. Heating pad 906 a is positioned on the toe region of the sock 902. Heating pad 906 b is positioned at the heel region of the sock, to align with the heel of the user, in use. The temperature sensors and heating pads of embodiment 900 are similar in shape and structure to temperature sensors 204 a-204 s and heating pads 206 a-206 s.

The sock 902 also includes a controller 908 disposed upon it. The controller 908 is preferably positioned at the top of the sock adjacent to the opening that receives a user's foot. The controller 908 can be removably coupled or attached to the sock 902. The controller 908 receives temperature measurements from the temperature sensors 904 a-904 b and compares the temperature measurement with a threshold temperature. The controller 908 activates a specific heating pad 906 a-906 b where the temperature is below the threshold temperature. The controller 908 is similar in shape and structure as the controller described earlier i.e. similar to controller 208, 408, 608 or 808.

The sock 902 also includes an environmental sensor 910 to measure an environmental parameter. The environmental sensor 910 is not in contact with the user's skin. The environmental parameter can be any parameter associated with the ambient environment such as relative humidity, relative humidity, ambient temperature etc. The environmental sensor 910 measures at least the relative humidity and provides the humidity measurement to the controller 908. The controller modifies the threshold temperature and controls activation of the heating pads 906 a-906 b based on the environmental parameter.

The sock 902 further comprises a motion sensor 914 that provides a movement measurement of the user. The motion sensor 914 determines the movement of the user. The motion sensor 914 is a 3 axis accelerometer. Alternatively the motion sensor may be a gyroscope. The controller 908 receives a movement measurement from the motion sensor 914. The controller 908 adjusts the threshold temperature based on the movement measurement.

The temperature regulation system 900 further comprises a user device 916 that is in wireless communication with the controller 908. The user device can communicate using a low energy wireless system or protocol like for example infrared or Bluetooth. The user device 916 is a portable low energy wireless device such as a smartphone or tablet. A user can input one or more user parameters that are received by the controller 908. The user parameters are unique to each user and can be any suitable user parameter such as age, gender, weight, thermal sensitivity etc. The controller 908 is configured to change the threshold temperature based on the user parameters.

The structure and operation of the controller for the temperature regulation system will now be described with respect to FIGS. 10 to 12. FIG. 10 shows a controller 1000. The controllers 106, 208, 408, 608, 808 and 908 are similar to each other. Controllers 106, 208, 408, 608, 808, 908 all have a structure that is the same as controller 1000 described with respect to FIG. 10. Controllers 208, 408, 608, 808 and 908 are structured like controller and function like controller 1000. Controller 1000 is a generalized controller that can be used in any embodiment of the temperature regulation system.

FIG. 10 shows a generalized schematic of the controller 1000 in communication with temperature sensors 1004 a-1004 c, a plurality of heating pads 1006 a-1006 c, an environmental sensor 1008 and a motion sensor 1010. The temperature sensors 1004 a-1004 c are a representation of the temperature sensors from earlier embodiments. Heating pads 1006 a-1006 c are a representation of the heating pads from earlier embodiments. The environmental sensor 1008 and motion sensor 1010 are representations of the motion sensors and environmental sensors from earlier embodiments. The sensors shown in FIG. 10 are generic representations to illustrate operation of the generalized controller 1000. The functionality of the controller and interaction with the sensors and user device is applicable in any of the earlier embodiments described.

As shown in FIG. 10, controller 1000 comprises a processor 1022, a memory unit 1024 and a power unit 1026. The controller 1000 is a microcontroller i.e. includes all components on a single chip or integrated circuit. The processor 1022 is a microprocessor that can process electronic commands. The processor 1022 can execute commands stored in the non-transitory computer readable memory unit 1024. The processor 1022 is preferably in the form of an integrated circuit. The memory unit 1024 comprises ROM 1028 and RAM 1030. The power unit 1026 includes one or more rechargeable batteries that are disposed in a casing and in communication with the processor. The controller 1000 also includes other essential electronic components for interfacing the various components described and appropriate interfacing circuitry.

The controller 1000 further includes a communication module 1032. The communication module 1032 is low energy wireless system such as a Bluetooth module. The communication module 1032 is in electronic communication with the processor 1022 and allows the controller 1000 to communicate a user device 1016.

The user device 1016 has an app that is executable on the user device that allows communication between the user device 1016 and the controller. The app also allows for a user to access an interface that allows a user to input user parameters (as described earlier) as well as additionally modify controller operating modes.

The controller 1000 is also in communication with a plurality of temperature sensors and heating pads that are disposed on a wearable garment. The controller 1000 is configured to receive a temperature measurement from a temperature sensor. The temperature measurement relates to a skin temperature of the user. The controller 1000 is further configured compare the temperature measurement with a threshold temperature and activate a heating pad if the temperature measurement is less than the threshold temperature. The temperature measurement relates to the temperature at a portion of a user's body. The controller continuously receives temperature measurements. The controller 1000 deactivates the heating pad once the temperature measurement exceeds the threshold temperature. It should be noted that the temperature sensors described herein measure the skin temperature but alternative sensors can be used that allow other temperature measurements such as muscle temperature or core temperature and so on.

As disclosed in the earlier embodiments each temperature sensor is associated with a heating pad. The controller 1000 receives a plurality of temperature measurements, each temperature measurement being received from a single temperature sensor. The controller 1000 compares each temperature measurement with a threshold temperature. The controller 1000 activates the specific heating elements that are associated with the temperature sensors that detect a temperature measurement that is lower than the threshold temperature. The controller 1000 allows for localized or selective heating of specific portions of the user's body to heat.

Optionally in an operating mode, the controller 1000 may be configured to determine a temperature profile along the user's body. The temperature profile is a distribution of temperatures across or along the various portions of the user's body. The temperature profile can be transmitted to a user device 10 for display to the user to indicate which parts of the user's body are cooler. Temperature and heat distribution across each user is different, and various parts of a user's body cool at differing rates. The controller of the temperature regulation system detects such changes based on the temperature measurements from the various temperature sensors e.g. 1004 a-1004 c (or any of the sensor arrangements described earlier) to calculate the temperature or heat distribution profile on a user's body. The controller 1000 is advantageous because heat is applied to localized areas of the user's body that require further heating. One example could be in cold climates the extremities of a user's body cool more rapidly than the core of the user's body. The use of any one of the temperature regulation system embodiments disclosed and in particular the controller, allows the system to provide heat to the extremities of the user's body to heat them, thus reducing the physiological work needed to heat the user's extremities. This allows for more efficient blood flow in the user's body and reduced physiological work.

Optionally in a further operating mode the controller 1000 may also determine an average body temperature based on the various temperature measurements from temperature sensors 1004 a-1004 c. The average temperature may be a mean temperature value or a median temperature value. The average temperature value provides an indication of overall body temperature. The mean of the various temperatures may be the mathematical mean. The median of the various temperature measurements may be the mathematical median.

In at least one embodiment the mean temperature can be calculated based on weighted temperature measurements. In this alternative each temperature measurement may be attributed a weighting. The weighting is in the form of a coefficient that is associated with each temperature measurement from each temperature sensor. The coefficient (i.e. weighting) is dependent on the location of the sensor on the user's body or the surface on the user's body. The controller 1000 is configured to assign an appropriate coefficient to each temperature measurement based on the location of the temperature sensor that has provided the temperature measurement. The controller may include a pre-determined mapping of the temperature sensor locations that is used to determine the location of the temperature measurement. In one example the temperature measurements from the user's extremities may be assigned a higher coefficient as compared to temperature measurements from the torso of the user's body. The coefficients may be reflective of thermal sensitivity of the user's skin i.e. a higher coefficient is assigned to locations that are more likely to have greater temperature fluctuations or locations that are likely to cool faster than other locations of the user's body. The coefficients assigned to temperature measurements may also be based on a thermal sensitivity measure as described, the thermal sensitivity acting as a further input. In a further alternative the coefficients may be customized for each user based on initial user information such as which locations of the user are most susceptible to rapid thermal or temperature change.

The controller 1000 is configured to compare the average temperature with a threshold temperature. If the average temperature is less than the threshold temperature the controller activates all the heating pads 1006 a-1006 c to heat the user's body. All the heating pads 1006 a-1006 c are activated to the same intensity level.

The controller 1000 is configured to provide an activation signal along the power lines to the heating pads 1006 a-1006 c. The activation signal is preferably a pulse width modulated (PWM) power signal. The processor 1022 includes a PWM module 1034 integrated into the processor or connected to the processor and the power unit. The PWM module generates a PWM signal and transmits such along the power lines to the heating pads 1006 a-1006 c. A PWM signal conserves the power from the power unit.

A threshold temperature is determined by the controller 1000. The controller 1000 first determines a reference temperature. The reference temperature relates to a reference body temperature of the user. The reference temperature preferably relates to a reference skin temperature of the user. The reference temperature can be the initial or reference skin temperature of a portion of the user's body. The reference temperature is determined during a calibration process. The calibration process takes place during start-up of the system and takes place in a comfortable environment. A comfortable environment is an environment in which the user feels comfortable with respect to body temperature i.e. a thermally comfortable environment. This may be a subjective parameter i.e. comfort for each user varies. The user can initiate a calibration process by activating a push button on the controller 1000 or by selecting a calibration mode via the user device 1016.

The temperature regulation system as described is advantageous because the system determines a temperature distribution across a user's skin and selectively energizes or activates a heating pad in the location where the temperature is less than a threshold temperature. This is further advantageous because power consumption is reduced. Further the temperature regulation system as described is also advantageous because the system takes into account various factors or parameters that can affect a person's thermal comfort or sense of comfort. For example the system actively modifies the threshold temperature based on environmental parameters, movement of the user and specific user parameters such as age, gender and cold sensitivity.

FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of the calibration process 1100. The calibration process is an initial threshold setting process. At step 1101 an initial body temperature measurement is obtained by the controller from a temperature sensor. This initial body temperature measurement is stored by the controller. In one form the initial body temperature is an average body temperature based on the multiple temperature measurements from the multiple sensors 1004 a-1004 c (or other sensors described earlier). It should be noted that the body temperature is a skin temperature as described herein. Alternatively the initial body temperature corresponds to the lowest temperature measurement value obtained by the controller 1000. In a further alternative embodiment the temperature measurements may be provided as plurality or list of independent temperature measurements. The initial temperature may be measured for each body location. Preferably the controller is configured to record and store an initial temperature for each location on the body.

At step 1102 an initial ambient temperature measurement is obtained from the user device 1016 based on local weather information available at the user device 1016. The ambient temperature measurement is recorded and stored within the memory unit 1024. The controller 1000 can also record and store a time of day measurement. This ambient temperature measured in a comfortable environment can be set or stored as a base ambient temperature. Any changes in ambient temperature can be assessed in relation to the base ambient temperature by the controller to adjust the threshold temperature, as described later.

At step 1103 an initial relative humidity measurement is obtained by the controller 1000 from an environmental sensor 1008. The relative humidity relates to the humidity in the comfortable environment. The relative humidity measurement is stored within the memory unit 1024.

At step 1104 a plurality of fixed user parameters are obtained by the controller 1000. The fixed user parameters are unchanging parameters associated with the user. These parameters are most likely to remain unchanged for extended periods of time. At step 1104 the unchanging parameters gathered by the controller 1000 are gender, age, body surface area and cold sensitivity. The user enters age and gender into the user device 1016 as part of the calibration process. The age and gender information is stored within the memory unit 1024 of the controller 1000.

The body surface area is determined by the user based on the height and weight of the person. The body surface area is input via the user device 1016. Cold sensitivity is entered by the user via the user device 1016. Cold sensitivity is selected from a predetermined numerical scale, the scale being related to a thermal comfort scale. The user selects from −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, wherein −2 relates “not cold sensitive at all” and +2 relates to “very cold sensitive”. This is a subjective measure and the user selects cold sensitivity parameter from the predefined scale.

At step 1105 the controller 1000 determines the threshold temperature by using the reference temperature labelled T herein. Below are examples of how the threshold temperature can be determined using the reference temperature and one or more of ambient temperature, initial relative humidity, user parameters. Preferably the controller 1000 determines a unique threshold temperature at each location on the user's body based on the above described parameters and individual initial temperature measurements.

In one example the threshold temperature is the reference temperature T minus 0.025° C. T−0.025° C. is considered the base threshold temperature, where there are no other sensors or parameters used. The embodiments of the temperature regulation system as described earlier include an environmental sensor, motion sensor and user parameters. Measurements or inputs from these can be used to adjust the threshold temperature.

The reference temperature T is adjusted based on one or more default parameters. The default parameters are any one or more of relative humidity, ambient temperature, cold sensitivity, age, gender and body surface area. The threshold temperature is determined based on the reference temperature and any one or more other parameters that are available to the controller.

Following is a description of the changes to the reference temperature to define a threshold temperature at step 1105. The reference temperature T is raised by 0.025° C. if the user is 60 or older, or the reference temperature T is lowered by 0.025° C. if the user is 59 or younger. The reference temperature is raised by 0.025° C. if the user is a man since men are better at retaining heat. The reference temperature is lowered by 0.025° C. if the user is a female because women are found to feel colder. The reference temperature is lowered by 0.025° C. if the body surface area is greater than 1.8 m².

The reference temperature T is also modified based on the cold sensitivity parameter in order to determine a threshold temperature. In one example if the cold sensitivity parameter is −2 or −1 then the reference temperature is raised by 0.025° C. If the cold sensitivity parameter is +1 or +2 then the reference temperature T is lowered by 0.025° C. If the cold sensitivity parameter is 0, then there is no change to the reference parameter.

The changes to the reference temperature are cumulative to determine a threshold temperature. The threshold temperature is determined as a sum of all the changes to the reference temperature based on one or more of the default parameters.

FIG. 12 shows a method 1200 of operation of the controller 1000 when in use. At step 1201 a threshold temperature is determined. The threshold temperature is determined using the method described with respect to FIG. 11. At step 1202 the controller receives temperature measurements from the one or more sensors 1004 a-1004 b of the temperature regulation system. As described, the sensors can be as per any one of the embodiments described earlier. At step 1203 the controller compares the temperature measurement with the threshold temperature. If the temperature measurement is less (i.e. YES) than the threshold temperature then at least one of the heating pads 1006 a-1006 c are energized, as per step 1204. The heating pad provides heat to the skin of the user's body when energized to increase the skin temperature of the user. If the temperature measurement is higher or greater than the threshold temperature then the method returns to step 1201. Following step 1204 the method returns to step 1201. The controller 1000 is configured to measure each temperature measurement and compare each temperature measurement with a unique corresponding threshold temperature. Each threshold temperature corresponds to a location on the user's body and each temperature measurement also corresponds to a location on the user's body. The controller 1000 selectively activates a heating pad that corresponds to a temperature sensor that measures a temperature less than a corresponding threshold temperature.

In its simplest form the threshold is considered to be the reference temperature T minus 0.025° C. (i.e. T−0.025). The controller 1000 is configured to compare the temperature measurement with the threshold temperature for at least one sampling period i.e. compare at least two consecutive temperature measurements. For example if the temperature measurement is less than the threshold for 2 seconds or for two or more consecutive measurements, then the method proceeds to step 1204. The controller 1000 is configured to determine the threshold temperature. The threshold temperature is determined by the controller for each user, i.e. each user will have a unique threshold temperature associated with a user.

The system can optionally adjust the threshold temperature during method 1200 based on one or more adjustment parameters. Adjustment parameters are one or more parameters measured by other sensors within the temperature regulation system such as an environmental sensor, a motion sensor. Adjustment parameters also include user parameters that can be entered by the user through the user device.

FIG. 12 further shows optional steps of method 1200 that are directed to the adjustment of the threshold temperature. Referring to FIG. 12 the method 1200 comprises an optional step 1205, in which, the controller determines if a relative humidity measurement is received. If NO, then the method proceeds to step 1202. If YES, the controller monitors change in humidity for at least a minute at step 1206. At step 1207 the controller determines if the humidity increases by 10% for 1 minute. If YES, then the controller proceeds to step 1208 to modify the threshold temperature by a pre-determined value. If YES, at step 1207 the threshold temperature is lowered by 0.025° C. If the test at step 1207 results at NO, then the controller proceeds to step 1209. At step 1209 the controller determines if the relative humidity decreases by more than 10% for more than 1 minute. If YES, then the method proceeds to step 1208, where the threshold temperature is modified, i.e. the threshold temperature is increased by 0.025° C. If NO at step 1209 then the threshold temperature is not changed and the optional method returns to step 1202.

The method 1200 comprises an optional step 1210, in which, the controller 1000 determines if a movement measurement is received from a motion sensor. If step 1210 returns a YES, the controller monitors movement of the user at step 1211. As described earlier the motion sensor determines movement of the user i.e. speed of the user. Additionally or alternatively the motion sensor can also detect a heart rate of the user. At step 1211 the controller determines if the movement increases by more than 10% for more than 1 minute or the speed of the user increases by more than 10% for more than 1 minute or the heart rate increases by more than 10% for more than 1 minute. If YES, then the method proceeds to step 1208 to modify the threshold temperature by a modified or predetermined value. The modifier or predetermined value is 0.035° C., and the threshold temperature is decreased by 0.035° C. This is because users can tolerate a skin temperature that is colder skin temperatures when exercising because the deep body temperature of the user increases with movement. The motion sensor can be an accelerometer as described earlier and allows the controller 1000 to determine the intensity and duration of the movement of the user. If at 1211, the method determines a NO output, then the method can proceed to the next optional step or directly to step 1202, and the threshold temperature is not modified or adjusted. In general the threshold temperature is reduced if the relative humidity increases as user's feel colder in high humidity weather. Therefore the controller is configured to activate the heating pad at a lower temperature to account for the perception of a colder temperature. The heating pad needs to be activated earlier to prevent the user from feeling too cold. The threshold temperature is an activation temperature, at which the heating pad is activated.

Alternatively the threshold temperature can be increased if the humidity is increased, such that the heating pad is activated at a higher temperature. The threshold temperature can be increased if the humidity increases depending on specific user parameters such as age, gender or thermal sensitivity. For example if the user is not very thermally sensitive then the controller is configured to raise the threshold temperature when the humidity increases, since the user does not feel overly cold.

The method includes a further optional step 1212, in which, the controller 1000 determines if an ambient temperature is received from an environmental sensor. Ambient temperature is an environmental measurement. If step 1212 returns a YES, the controller determines ambient temperature at step 1213. At step 1213 the controller determines if the ambient temperature is greater than 25° C. If YES the method proceeds to step 1208 to modify the threshold temperature by a modifier or a predetermined value. The predetermined value is 0.025° C. If at step 1213 the method returns a NO, the method proceeds to step 1214. At step 1214 the controller determines if the ambient temperature is less than 15° C. If YES, then the method proceeds to step 1208 and the threshold temperature is reduced by 0.025° C. If NO, then the method proceeds to step 1202 (not illustrated for clarity).

In an alternative embodiment the threshold temperature is increased if the ambient air temperature increases above a base ambient temperature. For example if the base ambient temperature is 20° C., and the measured ambient air temperature is above 25° C. the threshold temperature is raised by 0.025° C. If the measured ambient air temperature is above 30° C. the threshold temperature is raised by 0.025° C. If the ambient air temperature is above 35° C. the threshold temperature is raised by 0.025° C. Conversely if the ambient air temperature is less than 15° C. the threshold temperature is reduced by 0.025° C. If the ambient air temperature is less than 10° C. the threshold temperature is reduced by 0.025° C. If the ambient temperature is less than 5° C. the threshold temperature is reduced by 0.025° C.

In an alternative embodiment the threshold temperature may be modified in a cumulative manner if the ambient air temperature is greater or less than the base ambient temperature. For example in this embodiment the base ambient temperature is 20° C. If the ambient air temperature is above 25° C. the threshold temperature is raised by 0.025° C. If the ambient air temperature is above 35° C. the threshold temperature is raised by 0.025° C., meaning the threshold temperature is raised by a total of 0.05° C. If the ambient air temperature is above 35° C. the threshold temperature is raised by 0.025° C., meaning the threshold temperature is raised by a total of 0.075° C. The threshold temperature is cumulatively increased by the modifier. In this example the threshold temperature is increased by 0.025° C. every time the ambient temperature is increased by 5° C., once the ambient temperature exceeds the base ambient temperature. The threshold temperature may not be changed if the ambient temperature is less than or drops below the base ambient temperature. Alternatively the threshold temperature can be reduced by a modifier of 0.025° C. every time the ambient temperature is reduced by 5° C. following a reduction compared to a base ambient temperature. This will mean that in an example operation, if a user is comfortable with a skin at 32° C., when the humidity is at 50%. If the skin cools to 30° C., the heating pads may be activated. If the detected humidity increases from 50 to 80%, the pads may also be activated when the skin cools from 32 to 31° C. This is so as to achieve a desirable outcome as users tend to feel colder when humidity is higher when air temperature remains constant.

In an alternative embodiment the controller is configured to increase the threshold temperature if the ambient air temperature increases above a base ambient temperature, such as for example 25° C. The threshold temperature (i.e. the activation temperature of the heating pads) is increased by 0.025° C. If the ambient air temperature is increased above 30° C., then the controller is configured to raise the threshold temperature by 0.025° C. If the ambient air temperature increases above 35° C., the controller is configured to increase the threshold temperature (i.e. the activation temperature) by 0.025° C. The base ambient temperature can be the ambient temperature measured during the threshold setting process 1100 described with respect to FIG. 11. The initial ambient temperature measured while measuring the reference body temperatures is measured in a comfortable environment, hence is the a good measure of a base ambient temperature. However if the ambient temperature is less than a base ambient temperature for example less than 15° C. the controller is configured to maintain the threshold temperature. This is because the in light of the cooler ambient air temperature, the user's body temperature will reduce, and hence the heating pads will be activated at the a pre-set threshold time. This embodiment provides a safety mechanism that the heating pads are not energized too early when the ambient air temperature is below a base ambient temperature, and potentially providing too much heat to the user.

In some examples, if the humidity and motion measurement are detected to have changed during a predetermined period of time, a modifier may be generated with respect to this change in humidity and motion. This modifier may then be used as a weighting or otherwise an adjustment variable which can in turn be used to adjust the threshold to the appropriate amount.

The method may further proceed to optional step 1215, in which, the controller 1000 determines if a time of day information is received from a user device. If step 1215 returns YES, the controller determines a time of day at step 1216. Following the determination of the time of day, the method proceeds to step 1208 wherein the threshold temperature is modified or adjusted. The rate of threshold adjustment is based on different time of day determination that occurs at step 1216. One example of the threshold temperature modifier determination is explained below, as would occur at step 1216. If the time of day is between 10:00-11:59 or between 22:00 to 23:59, the threshold temperature is increased by 0.025° C. If the time of day is determined to be between 12:00 and 21:59 the threshold temperature is increased by 0.035° C. If the time of day is between 00:00 and 9:59 the threshold temperature is reduced by 0.025° C. because this time is considered the coldest time of the day. The threshold temperature parameter adjustment as described is advantageous it aligns with the circadian rhythm of humans in general. It is known that the body temperature (i.e. internal body temperature) is lower during the night than it is during the day. Therefore the same level of thermal comfort may be achieved in the afternoon for a lower skin temperature, and vice versa. The changes in threshold temperature (i.e. threshold temperature modifier) calculation as described is in alignment with the circadian rhythm of a user hence providing for added comfort.

At step 1208 a final threshold temperature is determined. The method proceeds to step 1203 to compare the temperature measurement with a threshold temperature, wherein the threshold temperature is the updated or modified threshold temperature determined at step 1208.

The threshold temperature is modified in a cumulative manner based on the various modifier values or predetermined values described above. The threshold temperature is adjusted by a cumulative value based on the number of adjustment parameters used.

The method comprises an additional step 1217 that proceeds after step 1212 wherein the ambient temperature measurement is received by an environmental sensor. At step 1217 the controller determines if the ambient air temperature is reducing by 0.5° C. for at least a period of time e.g. for at least 1 minute. Such a change in air temperature is a determination of a cold air event. If the a change in air temperature as described occurs, then the method proceeds to 1218 where the heating pad is activated continuously for a period of time e.g. 2 minutes or until a temperature measurement detected has increased by 0.1° C. for at least 1 minute. Step 1218 is a “super mode”. A user can select activation of the super mode by using a button on the controller 1000 or by selecting such an option on the user device 1016.

Additional optional steps for other adjustment parameters can be implemented. As disclosed in FIG. 12, the threshold temperature is customized for each user. The threshold temperature can also be updated in real time as changing environmental measurements are identified or as a change in a motion measurement is detected or as user parameters are updated automatically or by the user. Real time updating of the threshold temperatures and customized threshold temperatures are advantageous because the system continuously determines the most comfortable temperature for the user (i.e. the threshold temp) and attempts to control the heating elements such that the user is not cold or the user's skin temperatures are not less than the threshold temperature.

It will be appreciated that in the exemplary embodiments described earlier, the locations of the temperature sensors and heating pads are described with reference to major muscle groups in the human body. It will be appreciated that in alternative embodiments the temperature sensors and/or the heating pads can be aligned with any suitable portion of the human's body. For example the heating pads and/or the temperature sensors can be placed on the wearable garment such that in use, the heating pads and/or the temperature sensors are aligned with major tendons or major veins of the user. In some embodiments a heating is positioned at least along the spine of the user since the spine carries all the major nerves of the user and is a sensitive part of the body.

It will be appreciated that the heating pads as described in the exemplary embodiments can be any suitable size and shape. The size and shape can be determined by the size of the wearable garment and the specific location the heating pad should align with in use. The heating pads are preferably a polygon shape. However other customized shapes are also contemplated. It will also be appreciated that the temperature sensors can be any suitable size, shape and resolution. It will also be appreciated the temperature sensors may be configured with any required sampling frequency.

In a further alternative embodiment the controller of the temperature regulation system is configured to receive a plurality or list of independent temperature measurements from each temperature sensor. The controller is configured to determine an initial body temperature corresponding to each location on the body. A threshold temperature can be calculated for each location on the body based on any one or more measurements/parameters as described earlier, such as an environmental measurement/parameter, a motion measurement or one or more user parameters. The controller is configured to compare each temperature measurement with a unique threshold temperature and activate each heating pad independently based on the comparison. Each heating pad is independently activated if the temperature measurement is less than the threshold temperature. The heating pad that is independently activated corresponds to the temperature sensor at a specific location on the user's body. In this alternative embodiment the controller is configured to independently control each heating pad to independently heat a specific portion of the user's body based on unique or individual temperature sensor measurements. This alternative embodiment is advantageous because the entire body is heated, and specific heating pads are activated, which conserves power and provides heat where required, making the user more comfortable.

In yet another further embodiment of the disclosure, the temperature regulation system may be arranged to operate with a temperature adjustment element which includes a heating element as described above and/or a cooling element. When operating with a cooling element, similar operational logic described with reference to the controller above may apply, although modifications to operate with a cooling element with different threshold calculations may be used. Cooling elements, including, but not limited to piezoelectric cooling systems, heat pumps or transfer systems including heat sinks, fans or radiators may also be used. These embodiments may be advantageous in alternative environments where it would be desirable to achieve a cooling effect over that of a heating effect.

Although not required, the embodiments described with reference to the Figures can be implemented to file an application programming interface (API) or as a series of libraries for use by a developer or can be included within another software application, such as a terminal or personal computer operating system or a portable computing device operating system. Generally, as program modules include routines, programs, objects, components and data files the skilled person assisting in the performance of particular functions, will understand that the functionality of the software application may be distributed across a number of routines, objects or components to achieve the same functionality.

It will be appreciated a number of alternative embodiments have been described herein. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the alternative embodiments described can be used in part or wholly with any of the embodiments described with reference to the figures. It will also be appreciated that portions or elements that are known in the prior art or known to persons skilled in the art have not been explicitly described.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the disclosure as shown in the specific embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure as broadly described. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. 

1. A temperature regulation system for regulating the temperature of a user's body, the temperature regulation system comprising: a temperature sensors adapted to continuously generate a temperature measurement that relates to a temperature of a portion of a user's body, or a temperature of an environment; a temperature adjustment element adapted to provide heat and/or cold to a portion of the user's body; a controller in electronic communication with the temperature sensor and the temperature adjustment element; the controller configured to continuously receive the temperature measurement of the portion of the user's body or the temperature of the environment, determine an absolute temperature and an actual rate of temperature change, and compare the absolute temperature and the rate of temperature change with a threshold absolute temperature and threshold rate of temperature change, thresholds being unique for each user based on at least the temperature measurement during a calibration process in a comfortable environment; the controller configured to activate the temperature adjustment element to provide heat or cold to the portion of the user's body when the absolute temperature or the rate of temperature change measured is below or above the threshold, or deactivate the temperature adjustment element when the absolute temperature or the rate of temperature change measured exceeds or is or below the threshold; wherein the temperature sensor and the temperature adjustment element are positioned on a wearable garment.
 2. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the wearable garment is configured to be worn by a user, the temperature sensor and the temperature adjustment element being positioned in an operable position, next to the user's skin.
 3. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the plurality of temperature adjustment elements are arranged on the wearable garment such that: in use, at least one temperature adjustment element is positioned on a forearm of the user, in use, at least one temperature adjustment element is positioned on an arm of the user, in use, at least one temperature adjustment element is positioned on the abdomen of the user, in use, at least one temperature adjustment element is positioned on the chest of the user, in use, at least one temperature adjustment element is positioned on the back of the user.
 4. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the plurality of temperature adjustment elements are arranged on the wearable garment such that: in use, at least one temperature adjustment element positioned on a thigh of the user, in use, at least one temperature adjustment element being positioned on a lower leg of the user.
 5. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the plurality of temperature adjustment elements are arranged on a wearable garment such that, in use, at least one temperature adjustment element aligns with a finger of the user, and, in use, at least one temperature adjustment element aligns with a hand of the user.
 6. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the plurality of temperature adjustment elements are arranged on a wearable garment such that, in use, at least one temperature adjustment element aligns with a head of the user.
 7. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to receive the temperature measurement from each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors, each temperature measurement corresponding to the temperature at a location of the user's body, and wherein each location corresponding to the location a temperature sensor from the plurality of temperature sensors.
 8. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to compare each temperature measurement from each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors with a threshold temperature, and the controller selectively activating the temperature adjustment element corresponding to the location where the temperature measurement is less or more than the threshold temperature.
 9. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the system further comprises; an environmental sensor that is configured to generate an environmental parameter, the controller is in electronic communication with the environmental sensor, the controller further configured to adjust the threshold temperature based on the environmental parameter.
 10. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the system additionally comprises: a motion sensor configured to generate a motion measurement that relates to a motion of the user, the controller in electronic communication with the motion sensor, the controller configured to receive the motion measurement, wherein the controller being further configured to analyze the user's activity and adjust the threshold temperature based on the motion measurement, and wherein the threshold temperature is related to motion measurement, such that the greater the motion measurement the lower the threshold temperature, the controller being configured to adjust the threshold temperature based on the measured motion.
 11. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to receive a user parameter, the controller further configured to adjust the threshold temperature based on the user parameter and, wherein the user parameter is at least one or more of age, gender, personal thermal sensitivity, body height, body mass, cold habituation/acclimation, acute weakness, time of day, season.
 12. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the controller configured to activate the temperature adjustment element based on comparing the temperature measurement with an adjusted threshold temperature, the adjusted threshold temperature being adjusted based on an environmental temperature measurement, motion measurement and a user parameter.
 13. A temperature regulation system for regulating the temperature of a user's body, the temperature regulation system comprising: a plurality of temperature sensors, each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors adapted to generate a temperature measurement that relates to a temperature of a portion of the user's body, a plurality of temperature adjustment elements, each temperature adjustment element of the plurality of temperature adjustment elements configured to provide heat and/or cold to a portion of the user's body, the plurality of temperature sensors and the plurality of temperature adjustment elements adapted to, in use, be positioned on various locations on the user's body, each temperature sensor associated with a temperature adjustment element of the plurality of temperature adjustment elements and positioned in contact with a user's skin and the temperature adjustment element to generate a temperature measurement so as to give immediate feedback, a controller in electronic communication with each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors, the controller in electronic communication with each temperature adjustment element of the plurality of temperature adjustment elements, the controller comparing each temperature measurement with a threshold temperature, and the controller selectively activating a temperature adjustment element of the plurality of temperature adjustment elements that is associated with the temperature sensor that generates the temperature measurement lower than the threshold temperature, the controller selectively activating a temperature adjustment element to provide localized temperature adjustment to the user's body that is at a temperature lower or higher than the threshold temperature.
 14. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 13, wherein a temperature adjustment element and a temperature sensor are arranged such that, in use, a temperature adjustment element and a temperature sensor are disposed at or adjacent to any one or more of: a chest of the user, a back of the user, a finger of the user, a foot of the user, an upper leg of the user, a lower leg of the user, a neck of the user, a shoulder of the user, a head of the user, a hand of the user, an upper arm of the user and a lower arm of the user.
 15. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 13, wherein the system further comprises an environmental sensor, the environmental sensor is configured to generate an environmental parameter, the controller in electronic communication with the environmental sensor to receive the environmental parameter, the controller configured to determine the threshold based on the temperature measurements and the environmental parameter.
 16. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 13, wherein the system further comprises a motion sensor attached to the user, the motion sensor generating a motion measurement, the controller in electronic communication with the motion sensor and configured to determine the threshold temperature based on the motion measurement and at least the temperature measurements; and wherein the threshold temperature is related to the motion measurement.
 17. A temperature regulation system for regulating the temperature of a human body comprising: a temperature sensor adapted to generate a temperature measurement that relates to a temperature of a portion of a user's body, a temperature adjustment element adapted to provide heat and/or cooling to a portion of the user's body, a controller in electronic communication with the temperature sensor and the temperature adjustment element, the controller configured to compare the temperature measurement with a threshold temperature, the controller further configured to activate the temperature adjustment element to provide heat and/or cold if the temperature measurement is less or more than the threshold temperature, the threshold temperature being a customized threshold temperature for each user, the controller determining the customized threshold temperature based on an initial temperature measurement, an environmental parameter and at least one user parameter.
 18. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 17, wherein the threshold temperature is adjusted if the environmental parameter or the user parameter is changed and, wherein the system comprises at least one environmental temperature sensor to determine the environmental temperature, the environmental temperature sensor being in electrical communication with the controller.
 19. (canceled)
 20. A temperature regulation system for regulating the temperature of a user's body comprising: a temperature sensor adapted to generate a temperature measurement that relates to a temperature of a portion of a user's body, a temperature adjustment element adapted to regulate the temperature of the portion of the user's body, a controller in electronic communication with the temperature sensor and the temperature adjustment element, the controller configured to receive the temperature measurement of the portion of the user's body, the controller configured to compare the temperature measurement with a threshold temperature, the controller activating or deactivating the temperature adjustment element to provide heat or deliver a cooling effect to the portion of the user's body, when the temperature measurement is above or below the threshold temperature, and wherein the temperature sensor and the temperature adjustment element is positioned on a wearable garment, next to the skin in an operable position, and the controller to communicating wirelessly with an external device.
 21. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 20 wherein the temperature adjustment element includes a heating element and/or a cooling element.
 22. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 14, wherein the system further comprises: an environmental sensor, the environmental sensor is configured to generate an environmental parameter, the controller in electronic communication with the environmental sensor to receive the environmental parameter, the controller configured to determine the threshold based on the temperature measurements and the environmental parameter; a motion sensor attached to the user, the motion sensor generating a motion measurement, the controller in electronic communication with the motion sensor and configured to determine the threshold temperature based on the motion measurement and at least the temperature measurements; and wherein the threshold temperature is related to the motion measurement.
 23. A temperature regulation system in accordance with claim 22, wherein the system further comprises: the controller is configured to receive a user parameter, the controller further configured to adjust the threshold temperature based on the user parameter, the user parameter being at least one or more of age, gender, personal thermal sensitivity, body height, body mass, cold habituation/acclimation, acute weakness, time of day, season; and wherein the threshold temperature is at least periodically updated based on data collected on a group of users, on the environmental parameter, motion parameter and user parameters or user manual action to provide an updated threshold temperature, the threshold temperature being constantly updated to account for any changes in the environment, motion of the user or the user parameter. 